Damage sensitivity of a wing-type leading edge structure impacted by a bird

On the windward side of an aircraft, the components with higher probability of impact with birds are the wing-type leading edge structures, such as the wing and tail. A study on the damage sensitivity of a wing-type leading edge structure under bird strikes was presented in this paper. First, a bird strike test was carried out on a wing. The principles of the bird strike test equipment and method were introduced in detail, including the bird strike test system, bird projectile production process and data acquisition system. The dynamic strain measurement results, the high-speed camera videos, and the final deformation and damage morphology observations of the structure were obtained. Based on the coupled Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) - Finite Element Method (FEM), the commercial software PAM-CRASH was used to simulate the process of a bird strike with the wing. The good agreement between the finite element simulation results and the experimental results shows that the calculation method and the numerical model presented in this paper were reasonable. On this basis, wing-type leading edge structures can be designed by adding triangular support. The bird strike resistances of an original structure and improved structure were studied by numerical simulation. The calculated results show that the improved wing-type leading edge structure is less damaged than the original structure under bird strike. The improved leading edge structure satisfied the anti-bird strike airworthiness requirements, as the thickness of the triangular support was 1.2 mm, and the weight of the structure was reduced by 0.87 kg compared with the original structure. This indicated that the bird strike resistance of the improved structure is better than that of the original structure, and the improved design of the wing-type leading edge structure presented in this paper is reasonable.     

Design,modeling, and control of morphing aircraft:A review

A morphing aircraft can adapt its configuration to suit different types of tasks, which is also an important requirement of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAV). The successful development of an unmanned morphing aircraft involves three steps that determine its ability and intelligent: configuration design, dynamic modeling and flight control. This study conducts a comprehensive survey of morphing aircraft. First, the methods to design the configuration of a morphing aircraft are presented and analyzed...     

碳纤维增强复合材料力学性能退化及失效过程的研究进展

碳纤维增强复合材料（CFRP）内部损伤的不确定性及异质材料多模式损伤耦合的复杂特性，严重制约了构件的低冗余设计以及在苛刻环境下的长寿命可靠应用。随着试验和数值模拟手段的不断进步，有力推动了碳纤维增强复合材料力学性能退化及失效过程的研究，本文在总结国内外复合材料损伤行为研究的基础上，概述了静态、冲击、疲劳载荷以及湿热环境对CFRP损伤演化及失效行为的影响，对CFRP的多种损伤模型、试验方法及所取得的成果进行归纳，并展望了高精度仿真预测建模分析及各向异性材料复杂损伤模式的损伤机理分析等方面的研究发展趋势。     

一种基于模型预测的火星返回推力器容错控制再分配方法

针对火星返回上升器由于环境等因素造成的推力器故障导致的姿态控制系统失稳而难以安全返回的严重问题，提出基于模型预测的动态容错控制再分配方法。根据推力器动态特性建立上升器推力分配模型，对模型参数误差进行实时估计从而修正分配模型，根据模型预测自适应推力再分配方法实施容错控制。同时，将推力器输出限制作为优化求解器的约束，并将推力器故障模型作为优化求解的约束域，实现最小化分配误差和最小化燃料消耗意义下的最优推力再分配。计算机仿真表明了该方法的可行性和实用性，获得了满意的结果，它能使推力器输出推力误差降低60%以上，姿态控制系统能在故障状态下3～5 s快速镇定。     

2E12铝合金机身壁板损伤容限分析与试验验证

2E12为国产新研铝合金材料，拟用于飞机机身蒙皮结构。损伤容限特性是该材料应用于型号的关键指标之一。按损伤容限设计要求，本文设计了3组典型的机身壁板结构试验件，包含了单跨裂纹、双跨裂纹和裂纹修理3种情况，首先完成了裂纹扩展和剩余强度数值分析，随后进行了验证试验，同时与2024铝合金试验件进行了对比分析和试验。研究结果表明：新研2E12铝合金材料损伤容限性能较好，能够满足型号设计要求；相对于单裂纹扩展，多裂纹的存在显著提高了裂纹扩展速率，多裂纹的总寿命缩短约为30%；裂纹扩展分析结果与试验结果误差小于10%；各试验件剩余强度结果一致性很好，分析结果与试验结果的差别约为2.3%。     

复合材料加筋板冲击后损伤容限研究

研究复合材料加筋板受冲击后的损伤演化具有较高的工程应用价值。首先,以某型无人机拟应用的复合材料加筋壁板(T300/BA9913)为研究对象,对其进行低速冲击试验;在壁板中央处和肋与壁板胶结处进行冲击,其冲击能量取6.67 J/mm,测量凹坑深度和分层损伤面积。然后,应用商业软件ABAQUS,编写相应的VUMAT子程序对冲击损伤进行模拟,软件中采用适宜的材料模型、单元种类并建立不同属性的接触,把基于应变的三维Hashin准则运用于复合材料单层板的损伤失效准则中去。最后,运用基于断裂韧度的连续的刚度退化方针对材料的刚度折减。将所建立的冲击模型的模拟结果与冲击试验数据进行对比,证明了冲击模型的有效性和准确性。     

钛合金板铆接修理复合材料机身蒙皮分析

波音787飞机的机身蒙皮采用全复合材料,对于复合材料机身蒙皮的修理,波音787结构维修手册给出了明确的修理方案,其中包括复合材料机身蒙皮的钛合金板铆接修理。然而,对维修方案背后的理论依据,即强度、刚度等力学特性要求没有叙述。基于此,本文对复合材料机身蒙皮的钛合金板铆接修理建立了两种维修的三维有限元模型,分析了这两种维修方案母板、补片和填平板的应力大小和应力分布特性。研究表明:复合材料机身蒙皮大的穿透型裂纹钛合金板铆接修理能够满足静强度要求,两种维修方案的钛合金补片破坏源发生在不同位置。     

典型机身框地板梁缘条裂纹修理损伤容限分析

采用简单有效的方法对复杂的飞机结构进行损伤容限评定具有重要的意义,提出一种简单有效的应力强度因子获取方法,并结合损伤容限分析的一般流程,分析某机身框地板梁缘条含裂纹修补结构的疲劳寿命及使用寿命期内结构的剩余强度。根据机身框地板梁结构受载特点建立简化的分析模型,计算单位载荷时不同长度下裂纹尖端应力强度因子,再由结构边界载荷与应力强度因子的关系确定无量纲应力强度因子;根据损伤容限分析方法编制程序,计算结构在飞行载荷谱下从初始裂纹扩展到临界长度的寿命及各裂纹长度下结构的剩余强度,给出结构检查间隔。结果表明:结构修补后的疲劳寿命及剩余强度均满足损伤容限设计要求。本文给出的损伤容限分析过程及方法可应用于工程中类似结构的损伤容限评定。     

民用飞机金属/复合材料中央翼盒结构设计方案对比

中央翼盒与外翼及机身相连,承受和传递重要的飞机载荷。中央翼盒又是整体油箱,也是机身增压舱的气密线之一,是中机身客舱地板的支持构件,所以中央翼盒设计的好坏直接决定着整架飞机设计的成败。随着材料科学及制造能力的提升,现代民用飞机的翼盒设计也出现了不同的思路和方案。下面就以相同座位级别的不同时期的方案一飞机和方案二飞机的翼盒设计对比,来展示复合材料在飞机设计中的应用。     

Synthetic damage effect assessment through evidential reasoning approach and neural fuzzy inference: Application in ship target

The damage effect assessment of anti-ship missiles combines system science and weapon science, which can provide reference for the assessment of battlefield damage situation. In order to solve the difficulty of heterogeneous data aggregation and the difficulty in constructing the mapping between factors and damage effect, this paper analyzes the specific damage process of the anti-ship missile to the ship, and proposes a synthetic Evidential Reasoning (ER) – Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) to assess the damage effect. To solve the problem of fuzziness and uncertainty of criteria in the assessment process, the belief structure model is used to transform qualitative and quantitative information into a unified mathematical structure, and ER algorithm is used to fuse the information of lower-level criteria. In order to solve the problem of fuzziness and uncertainty of the information contained in the first-level variables, and the strong non-linear characteristics of the mapping between first-level variables and damage effect, the ANFIS with self-adaptation and self-learning is constructed. The map between the three first-level variables and damage effect is established, and the interaction process of the various factors in the damage effect assessment are clear. Sensitivity analysis shows that assessment model has good stability. The result analysis and comparative analysis show that the process proposed in this paper can effectively assess the damage effect of anti-ship missiles, and all criteria data are objective and comparable.